required practicals

edexcel igcse

• 1.7C practical: investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature

• 1.13 practical: investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings

• 1.36 practical: know how to determine the formula of a metal oxide by combustion (e.g. magnesium oxide) or by reduction (e.g. copper(II) oxide)

• 1.60C practical: investigate the electrolysis of aqueous solutions

• 2.14  practical: determine the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen in air using a metal or a non-metal

• 2.21 practical: investigate reactions between dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids and metals (e.g. magnesium, zinc and iron)

• 2.42 practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide

• 2.43C practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfate

• 3.8 practical: investigate temperature changes accompanying some of the following types of change:

  • salts dissolving in water

  • neutralisation reactions

  • displacement reactions

  • combustion reactions.

• 3.15 practical: investigate the effect of changing the surface area of marble chips and of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid

• 3.16  practical: investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution

• 4.43C practical: prepare a sample of an ester such as ethyl ethanoate

aqa gcse

• Required practical 1 preparation of a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide or carbonate using a Bunsen burner to heat dilute acid and a water bath or electric heater to evaporate the solution.

• Required practical 2 (chemistry only) determination of the reacting volumes of solutions of a strong acid and a strong alkali by titration. (HT only) determination of the concentration of one of the solutions in mol/dm3 and g/dm3 from the reacting volumes and the known concentration of the other solution.

• Required practical 3 investigate what happens when aqueous solutions are electrolysed using inert electrodes. This should be an investigation involving developing a hypothesis.

• Required practical 4 investigate the variables that affect temperature changes in reacting solutions such as, eg acid plus metals, acid plus carbonates, neutralisations, displacement of metals.

• Required practical 5 investigate how changes in concentration affect the rates of reactions by a method involving measuring the volume of a gas produced and a method involving a change in colour or turbidity.

• Required practical 6 investigate how paper chromatography can be used to separate and tell the difference between coloured substances. Students should calculate Rf values.

• Required practical 7 use of chemical tests to identify the ions in unknown single ionic compounds covering the ions from sections Flame tests (page 73) to Sulfates (page 74).

• Required practical 8 analysis and purification of water samples from different sources, including pH, dissolved solids and distillation.